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Ouvrage Rochonvillers
Ouvrage Rochonvillers is one of the largest of the Maginot Line fortifications. Located above the town of Rochonvillers in the French region of Lorraine, the ''gros ouvrage'' or large work was fully equipped and occupied in 1935 as part of the Fortified Sector of Thionville in the Moselle. It is located between the ''petit ouvrage'' d'Aumetz and the ''gros ouvrage'' Molvange, facing the border between Luxembourg and France with nine combat blocks. Rochonvillers saw little action during World War II, but due to its size it was repaired and retained in service after the war. During the Cold War it found a new use as a hardened military command center, first for NATO and then for the French Army.
== Design and construction ==
Rochonvillers was considered an early priority for construction, and as such went through several concepts in early design while the overall concept of the Maginot Line was being investigated. It was initially proposed in 1926 as a single massive fort shielding two artillery turrets in the rear. The next concept envisioned a closely grouped arrangement of works, four peripheral units around a turreted artillery block., located somewhat to the south of the present installation. A third iteration was termed the "village", a very large and expensive concept that was opposed by the residents of Rochonvillers.〔Mary, Tome 1, p. 26〕 The fourth version was described as a ''fort palmé'' (or palmate), based on the ideas of Colonel Tricaud, first published in the ''Revue du Génie'' in 1917. The ''fort palmé'' proposed a dispersed set of fortifications fanning out from a central subterranean trunk which would contain barracks, utilities and ammunition magazines. This concept was adopted for the entire Line, with the strong support of Marshal Philippe Pétain, in late 1927.〔Mary, Tome 1, pp. 17-19〕
The Rochonvillers site was surveyed by CORF (''Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées''), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, in 1929. Work by the contractor, Campernon-Bernard, began the next year,〔 and the position became operational in 1935,〔Kaufmann 2006, p. 25〕 at a cost of 123 million francs, the third most expensive ''ouvrage'' in the Northeast.〔Mary, Tome 1, p.52〕
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